Μανιτάρι ονομάζεται κοινώς το ορατό μέρος πολυκύτταρων μυκήτων με τη χαρακτηριστική, συνήθως ομβρελοειδή μορφή. Στην ουσία, αυτό που βλέπουμε είναι το σώμα του μανιταριού, δηλαδή το όργανο στο οποίο θα αναπτυχθούν τα σπόρια που θα εξασφαλίσουν τη διαιώνιση του είδους. Το κυρίως μέρος του μύκητα είναι υπόγειο και σχεδόν πάντα αθέατο το μεγαλύτερο μέρος του χρόνου. Είναι το μυκήλιο που αναπτύσσεται σαν ιστός στο υπόστρωμα με τη μορφή των μυκηλιακών υφών.
A mushroom (or toadstool) is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) or pores on the underside of the cap. These pores or gills produce microscopic spores that help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface.
"Mushroom" describes a variety of gilled fungi, with or without stems, and the term is used even more generally, to describe both the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota and the woody or leathery fruiting bodies of some Basidiomycota, depending upon the context of the word.
Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names, such as "puffball", "stinkhorn", and "morel", and gilled mushrooms themselves are often called "agarics" in reference to their similarity to Agaricus or their place Agaricales. By extension, the term "mushroom" can also designate the entire fungus when in culture; the thallus (called a mycelium) of species forming the fruiting bodies called mushrooms; or the species itself.
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου